1. Give the importance of food waste management on global base.
Ans. GHG reduction from decomposition of food waste especially from methane gas at landfills.
Reduction of the impact towards global issues such as Global Warming, Climate Change, Ozone Depletion and others
2. Give the importance of food waste management on environmental base.
Ans. Reduction in pollution impact from leachate such as soil, water and underground water pollution Avoidance of pungent odours and other environment problems.
3. Give the importance of food waste management on social base.
Ans. Avoidance of disease from insects and pest.
4. Give the importance of food waste management on economy base.
Ans. Save the maintenance cost of landfills. Save the cost to extend the landfills lifespan. Save the total cost that result in reduction of waste generation.
5. Give the names of various industries producing food waste.
Ans. Meat Products, Dairy Products, Canned and Preserved Fruits and Vegetables,Grain Mill Products, Bakery Products, Sugar and Confectionary Products,Fats and Oils,Beverages, Miscellaneous Food Preparations and Kindred Products.
6. Define source reduction in food waste management.
Ans. This is the first concept of waste management and it involves the reduction in the quantity of wastes.
7. Define Concentration in food waste management.
Ans. The wastes that are generated during various industrial processes are concentrated using modem methods, such as precipitation or decantation techniques. Thus, the volume of wastes is reduced, which can be managed easily.
8. Define Segregation in food waste management.
Ans. The wastes are separated according to their chemical composition, hazard potential and physical nature. This helps in their eventual disposal.
9. Define Reuse in food waste management.
Ans. This refers to the case where certain wastes can be again used with very little reprocessing. For example, discarded bottles and containers, certain chemicals, lubricants, etc. can be put to further use with minimum processing.
10. Define recycling in food waste management.
Ans. The process in which the wastes must be thoroughly treated and re-processed before it can be used again for example, metal scraps, cans, bottles, etc. are usually melted and recast into the original material.
11. Define Compositing in food waste management.
Ans. Compositing is the process in which the organic matter is converted into useful manures.
12. Define Digestion in food waste management.
Ans. The action of microorganisms breaks the complex organic compounds into simpler forms.
13. Define Conditioning in food waste management.
Ans. The wastes are exposed to the atmosphere for a specific period.
14. Define Disposal of food waste.
Ans. The final step in waste management involves the safe disposal of wastes.
15. Define pH.
Ans. pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] in a solution and indicates the acidic or basic character of a substance.
16. For efficient waste water treatment, BOD : N : P :: 100 : 05 : 01
17. Give the basic purpose of food waste treatment.
Ans. To destroy pathogenic microorganisms,To remove most suspended solids,To remove dissolved biodegradable organic materials and To remove toxic/hazardous substances
18. Define Coagulation.
Ans. Coagulation is a process which neutralize the particles and thus, the repelling force between the particles is greatly reduced. These particles form clumps with the help of a coagulant and settle to the bottom.
19. Define flocculation.
Ans. It can be described as a physical or a mechanical process in which the coagulated clumps or flocs are joined together to form larger flocs , which settle out more quickly.
20. Write down the advantages of oxidation ponds.
Ans. Small energy input.
Degrades nitrogen and phosphorus.
21. Write down the disadvantages of oxidation ponds.
Ans. Occupies a large area
Possible odors
Slow process
Long retention times
Climate dependent
22. Write down the advantages of activated sludge process.
Ans. Low construction cost
Occupies small area
Relatively low odor
Removes a high percent of BOD
23. Write down the disadvantages of activated sludge process.
Ans. High operating cost (air pumps,High energy expenses for oxygen demand
24. Write down the advantages of trickling filters.
Ans. Low construction cost,Cheap oxygen delivery,Non-electric systems available
25. Write down the advantages of oxidation ditches.
Ans. It can be easily maintained.It is hard to be effected by load fluctuations and forms only a little sludge.OD can be easily controlled by changing the rotation of the rotor and the dipping depth.
It requires relatively little energy as the rotor is operated efficiency.
26. Write down the disadvantages of oxidation ditches.
Ans. As the tank is large and the depth is small, it requires a large area.
27. Make a list of sand filters.
Ans. Rapid (gravity) sand filters,Upward flow sand filters, Slow sand filters.
28. What are the types of food processing waste?
Ans. Wastewater (liquid wastes,Solid wastes
29. Name the different stages of food waste.
Ans. Growers,Processors,Retailers,Consumers
30 What is sanitary sewage?
Ans. Also called domestic sewage contains human wastes and wash water from homes, public buildings or commercial and industrial establishments.
31 Define coarse screening.
Ans The influent in waste water passes through a bar screen to remove all large objects like cans, rags, sticks,plastic packets etc. carried in the sewage stream.
Define comminution.
Ans. Comminution is the process serve to reduce the size of large particles so that they will be removed in the form of sludge in subsequent treatment processes.
33. Define aerobic composting.
Ans. a method of composting organic wastes using bacteria that need oxygen. This requires that the waste be exposed to air, either via turning or by forcing air through pipes that pass through the material.
34. Define anaerobic composting.
Ans. A method of composting that does not require oxygen. This composting method produces methane. Also known as anaerobic composting.
35. Define biodegradable material.
Ans. any organic material that can be broken down by microorganisms into simpler, more stable compounds. Most organic wastes (e.g., food, paper) are biodegradable.
36. Define disposal.
Ans. The final handling of solid waste, following collection, processing, or incineration. Disposal most often means placement of wastes in a dump or a landfill.
37. Define groundwater.
Ans. Water beneath the earth's surface that fills underground pockets (known as aquifers), supplying wells and springs.
38. Define hazardous waste.
Ans. Waste that is reactive, toxic, corrosive, or otherwise dangerous to living things and/or the environment. Many industrial by-products are hazardous.
39. Define incineration.
Ans. The process of burning solid waste under controlled conditions to reduce its weight and volume, and often to produce energy.
40. Define land filling.
Ans. The final disposal of solid waste by placing it in a controlled fashion in a place intended to be permanent. This term can be used for both controlled dumps and sanitary landfllls.
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